Methodology and disclaimer
Updated 2026-11-05
This page explains how our calculators produce their results, where every rate comes from, how we test them against official tables, when each country's rates are re-checked, and the limits to keep in mind before acting on a result.
Calculations run in your browser
Each calculator is a small, self-contained formula that runs on your device. The numbers you enter are not sent to our servers. Rounding follows the official method where one exists: Australian withholding is rounded to the nearest dollar straight from the ATO formula, New Zealand PAYE is truncated to cents as in Inland Revenue's payroll specification.
Where the rates come from
Every statutory figure is taken from a primary source, recorded in one data table per topic in our code, and listed in the rate register below with its source and the date we read it. Pages show the same figures in a Key figures block.
- Australia: ATO tax rates, PAYG withholding Schedules 1, 8 and 15, study loan thresholds, Medicare levy and surcharge thresholds, super guarantee; Fair Work Act 2009 (National Employment Standards) and Fair Work Ombudsman guidance
- New Zealand: Inland Revenue tax rates, the payroll calculations and business rules specification for the year, IR340 and IR341 PAYE tables, KiwiSaver and independent earner tax credit pages; Employment New Zealand for the minimum wage
- India: Ministry of Finance and India Post (small savings), EPFO, PFRDA, the Income-tax Act and CBDT, CBIC and the GST Council, ESIC, the Labour Codes and state notifications
How we test
Every calculator has automated tests that compare its output with values the government publishes, not with our own earlier output: the ATO's withholding sample data (144 weekly, fortnightly and monthly points across five scales) and worked examples, Inland Revenue's IR340/IR341 table rows and payroll specification examples, India Post maturity tables, and hand-computed cases with the arithmetic written in the test. The worked example on each page is the calculator's own output, checked by a test.
How rates are re-checked
Australia is re-checked before 1 July each year, when the ATO publishes the new rates and withholding schedules, and whenever the ATO, Fair Work or the Parliament changes a figure mid-year. New Zealand is re-checked before 1 April, when Inland Revenue publishes the new tables and specification. India's small-savings rates are re-checked every quarter and its tax and payroll rules at each Budget. Where a figure for the current year has not been published yet (for example Australia's 2026–27 Medicare levy low-income thresholds), we say so and use the figure the official schedules use.
What results do not cover
Results are estimates, not tax, legal or financial advice. They do not cover every case: other income, deductions you did not enter, family-based Medicare levy reductions, award-specific pay and leave rules, tailored tax codes and individual circumstances can change the real figure. Each page links to the official calculator or guidance where one exists.
Found an error?
Tell us through the contact details on our Contact page, with the page and the inputs you used. We check every report against the primary source and correct confirmed errors.
Rate register
Every statutory figure our calculators rely on, by country, with its source and the date we last checked it against that source.
Australia
Re-checked: Every 1 July (start of the Australian income year), and whenever the ATO or Fair Work publishes a change.
| Item | Value used | Source | Checked | Next check |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resident income tax rates 2026–27 | 15% over $18,200; 30% over $45,000; 37% over $135,000; 45% over $190,000; nil to $18,200 | Australian Taxation Office: Tax rates – Australian residents (2026–27) | 2026-11-05 | 1 July 2027 |
| Foreign resident and working holiday maker rates | Foreign: 30% to $135,000, 37% to $190,000, 45% above. WHM: 15% to $45,000, then 30% / 37% / 45% | Australian Taxation Office: Schedule 15 – Tax table for working holiday makers (from 1 July 2026) | 2026-11-05 | 1 July 2027 |
| PAYG withholding formulas | Schedule 1 (NAT 1004) coefficients for scales 1–6 and Schedule 8 study-loan components, from 1 July 2026 | Australian Taxation Office: Schedule 1 – Statement of formulas for calculating amounts to be withheld (NAT 1004, from 1 July 2026) | 2026-11-05 | 1 July 2027 or when the ATO republishes |
| Medicare levy and low-income thresholds | 2%; singles nil to $28,011, shaded in to $35,013; families $47,238 + $4,338 per child (2025–26 thresholds, as used in the 2026–27 schedules) | Australian Taxation Office: Medicare levy reduction for low-income earners | 2026-11-05 | When the 2026–27 thresholds are legislated (usually the May 2027 Budget) |
| Medicare levy surcharge 2026–27 | Singles $105,000 / $123,000 / $164,000; families $210,000 / $246,000 / $328,000; 1%, 1.25%, 1.5% | Australian Taxation Office: Medicare levy surcharge income, thresholds and rates (2026–27) | 2026-11-05 | 1 July 2027 |
| Low income tax offset | Up to $700; reduced by 5c per $1 over $37,500 and 1.5c per $1 over $45,000; nil from $66,667 | Australian Taxation Office: Low income tax offset | 2026-11-05 | Each Budget |
| HELP and other study loan repayments 2026–27 | Nil to $69,528; 15c per $1 above; $9,028 + 17c per $1 over $129,717; 10% of repayment income from $186,051 | Australian Taxation Office: Study and training loan repayment thresholds and rates (2026–27) | 2026-11-05 | 1 July 2027 (indexed) |
| Super guarantee | 12% of qualifying earnings; maximum contribution base $270,830 a year (2026–27, Payday Super) | Australian Taxation Office: Super guarantee percentage and maximum contribution base | 2026-11-05 | 1 July 2027 |
| Concessional contributions cap | $32,500 a year from 1 July 2026 (employer super guarantee, salary sacrifice and other concessional contributions combined) | Australian Taxation Office: Contributions caps (concessional cap $32,500 from 1 July 2026) | 2026-11-05 | 1 July 2027 (indexed) |
| GST | 10%; registration from $75,000 GST turnover ($150,000 for non-profits) | Australian Taxation Office: How GST works | 2026-11-05 | On legislative change |
| Stamp duty NSW 2026/27 | Transfer duty $1.25–$5.50 per $100 (sliding scale, CPI-indexed each 1 July); premium duty over $3,870,000; first home buyers exempt to $800,000, concession below $1m; surcharge purchaser duty 9% | Revenue NSW: How to calculate transfer duty (2026/27 thresholds, rates and examples) | 2026-11-05 | 1 July 2027 |
| Stamp duty Victoria | General rates for contracts from 1 July 2021; principal place of residence concession to $550,000; first home buyers exempt to $600,000, reduced to $750,000; foreign purchaser additional duty 8% | State Revenue Office Victoria: Land transfer duty – non-principal place of residence (current rates) | 2026-11-05 | On legislative change |
| Stamp duty Queensland | Transfer duty and home concession rates per $100 or part; first home concession up to $17,350 (nil from $800,000); first home new home and vacant land full concession from 1 May 2025; AFAD 8% | Queensland Revenue Office: Transfer duty home concession rates (home, first home, new home, vacant land) | 2026-11-05 | On legislative change |
| Stamp duty Western Australia | General rate per $100 or part ($28,453 + $5.15 per $100 over $725,000); concessional rate for homes ≤ $200,000; first home owner rate from 7 May 2026 (homes nil to $600,000, reduced to $800,000; land nil to $450,000, reduced to $550,000); foreign buyers duty 7% | RevenueWA (Department of Treasury and Finance): Transfer duty assessment (general, concessional and first home owner rates) | 2026-11-05 | On legislative change |
| Stamp duty South Australia | Conveyance duty per $100 or part ($21,330 + $5.50 per $100 over $500,000); first home buyer relief in full for new homes, off-the-plan and vacant land (contracts from 13 Feb 2025); foreign ownership surcharge 7% | RevenueSA: Rate of stamp duty (conveyances) | 2026-11-05 | On legislative change |
| NES redundancy pay and notice | 1+ yrs 4 wks, 2+ yrs 6 wks, 3+ yrs 7 wks, 4+ yrs 8 wks, 5+ yrs 10 wks, 6+ yrs 11 wks, 7+ yrs 13 wks, 8+ yrs 14 wks, 9+ yrs 16 wks, 10+ yrs 12 wks; none under 1 year or from employers with fewer than 15 employees; notice 1–4 weeks (+1 if over 45 with 2+ years) | Federal Register of Legislation: Fair Work Act 2009 (compilation C2026C00355, 7 July 2026): ss. 23, 87, 90, 117, 119, 121 | 2026-11-05 | On amendment of the Fair Work Act |
| NES annual leave | 4 weeks a year (5 for shiftworkers), accruing with ordinary hours; leave loading 17.5% only where an award or agreement provides it | Federal Register of Legislation: Fair Work Act 2009 (compilation C2026C00355, 7 July 2026): ss. 23, 87, 90, 117, 119, 121 | 2026-11-05 | On amendment of the Fair Work Act |
New Zealand
Re-checked: Every 1 April (start of the New Zealand tax year), and whenever Inland Revenue publishes a change.
| Item | Value used | Source | Checked | Next check |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income tax rates 2026–27 | 10.5% to $15,600, 17.5% to $53,500, 30% to $78,100, 33% to $180,000, 39% above | Inland Revenue (IRD): Tax rates for individuals (from 1 April 2025, unchanged for 2026–27) | 2026-11-05 | 1 April 2027 |
| ACC earners' levy 2026–27 | 1.75% of liable earnings up to $156,641 (maximum levy $2,741.22) | Inland Revenue (IRD): Payroll calculations and business rules specification, 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027 | 2026-11-05 | 1 April 2027 |
| Independent earner tax credit | $520 a year from $24,000 to $66,000, less 13c per $1 to $70,000 | Inland Revenue (IRD): Independent earner tax credit (IETC) | 2026-11-05 | Each Budget |
| Student loan repayments | 12% of income over $24,128 a year (main job); 12% of all secondary income | Inland Revenue (IRD): Payroll calculations and business rules specification, 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027 | 2026-11-05 | 1 April 2027 |
| KiwiSaver contribution rates | Employee 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 10% (default 3.5%); employer minimum 3.5% from 1 April 2026; 4% from 1 April 2028 | Inland Revenue (IRD): KiwiSaver changes (3.5% default from 1 April 2026) | 2026-11-05 | 1 April 2028 |
| ESCT rates | 10.5% to $18,720, 17.5% to $64,200, 30% to $93,720, 33% to $216,000, 39% above | Inland Revenue (IRD): Payroll calculations and business rules specification, 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027 | 2026-11-05 | 1 April 2027 |
| KiwiSaver government contribution | 25c per $1 contributed (1 July – 30 June), maximum $260.72; not paid above $180,000 taxable income | Inland Revenue (IRD): Getting the KiwiSaver government contribution | 2026-11-05 | 1 July 2027 |
| GST | 15% | Inland Revenue (IRD): Goods and services tax (GST) | 2026-11-05 | On legislative change |
| Adult minimum wage | $23.95 an hour from 1 April 2026 | Employment New Zealand (MBIE): Minimum wage rates (from 1 April 2026) | 2026-11-05 | 1 April 2027 |
Canada
Re-checked: Every 1 January and 1 July (the CRA's two T4127 payroll editions), and whenever a federal or provincial budget changes a rate.
| Item | Value used | Source | Checked | Next check |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal tax rates 2026 | 14% to $58,523, 20.5% to $117,045, 26% to $181,440, 29% to $258,482, 33% above $258,482 | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 122nd edition, effective January 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| Federal basic personal amount 2026 | $16,452, reduced to $14,829 between $181,440 and $258,482 of net income; Canada employment amount $1,501 | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 122nd edition, effective January 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| CPP 2026 | YMPE $74,600, exemption $3,500, 5.95% (base 4.95% + 1%), maximum $4,230.45; CPP2 4% to YAMPE $85,000, maximum $416 | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 122nd edition, effective January 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| EI 2026 | 1.63% of insurable earnings to $68,900, maximum $1,123.07; employer 1.4 × ($1,572.3); Quebec 1.3%, maximum $895.7 | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 122nd edition, effective January 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| QPP and QPIP 2026 (information only) | QPP 6.3% to $74,600 (maximum $4,479.3); QPIP employee 0.43% to $103,000 (maximum $442.9) | Retraite Québec: Québec Pension Plan figures 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| Ontario tax 2026 | 5.05% to $53,891, 9.15% to $107,785, 11.16% to $150,000, 12.16% to $220,000, 13.16% above $220,000; basic personal amount $12,989; surtax 20% above $5,818 and 36% above $7,446 of basic tax; health premium to $900; tax reduction $300 (+$554 per dependant) | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 122nd edition, effective January 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| British Columbia tax 2026 | 5.6% to $50,363, 7.7% to $100,728, 10.5% to $115,648, 12.29% to $140,430, 14.7% to $190,405, 16.8% to $265,545, 20.5% above $265,545; basic personal amount $13,216; tax reduction $690 phasing out from $25,570 to $44,952 (payroll from July: 6.14% lowest rate, $805) | Government of British Columbia: B.C. personal income tax rates, 2026 tax year | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| Alberta tax 2026 | 8% to $61,200, 10% to $154,259, 12% to $185,111, 13% to $246,813, 14% to $370,220, 15% above $370,220; basic personal amount $22,769; credits above $4,896 topped up by 25% | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 122nd edition, effective January 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| Manitoba tax 2026 | 10.8% to $47,000, 12.75% to $100,000, 17.4% above $100,000; basic personal amount $15,780, reduced to nil between $200,000 and $400,000 | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 122nd edition, effective January 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | On legislative change |
| Saskatchewan tax 2026 | 10.5% to $54,532, 12.5% to $155,805, 14.5% above $155,805; basic personal amount $20,381 | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 122nd edition, effective January 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| Nova Scotia tax 2026 | 8.79% to $30,995, 14.95% to $61,991, 16.67% to $97,417, 17.5% to $157,124, 21% above $157,124; basic personal amount $11,932 | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 122nd edition, effective January 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| New Brunswick tax 2026 | 9.4% to $52,333, 14% to $104,666, 16% to $193,861, 19.5% above $193,861; basic personal amount $13,664 | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 122nd edition, effective January 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| Newfoundland and Labrador tax 2026 | 8.7% to $44,678, 14.5% to $89,354, 15.8% to $159,528, 17.8% to $223,340, 19.8% to $285,319, 20.8% to $570,638, 21.3% to $1,141,275, 21.8% above $1,141,275; basic personal amount $13,094 (payroll: $11,188 to June, $15,000 prorated from July) | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 123rd edition, effective July 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| Prince Edward Island tax 2026 | 9.5% to $33,928, 13.47% to $65,820, 16.6% to $106,890, 17.62% to $142,520, 19% to $200,000, 20% above $200,000; basic personal amount $15,000 (payroll from July: 21% prorated top rate) | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 123rd edition, effective July 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | On legislative change |
| Northwest Territories tax 2026 | 5.9% to $53,003, 8.6% to $106,009, 12.2% to $172,346, 14.05% above $172,346; basic personal amount $18,198 | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 122nd edition, effective January 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| Nunavut tax 2026 | 4% to $55,801, 7% to $111,602, 9% to $181,439, 11.5% above $181,439; basic personal amount $19,659 | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 122nd edition, effective January 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
| Yukon tax 2026 | 6.4% to $58,523, 9% to $117,045, 10.9% to $181,440, 12.8% to $500,000, 15% above $500,000; basic personal amount mirrors the federal basic personal amount | Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas, 122nd edition, effective January 1, 2026 | 2026-11-06 | 1 January 2027 (new T4127 edition) |
India
Re-checked: Small-savings rates every quarter; tax and payroll rules at each Budget and on new notifications.
| Item | Value used | Source | Checked | Next check |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small-savings interest (PPF, NSC, KVP, SCSS, MIS, RD, SSY, Time Deposits) | PPF 7.1%, NSC 7.7%, KVP 7.5% (115 months), SCSS 8.2%, MIS 7.4%, 5-year RD 6.7%, SSY 8.2%, TD 6.9/7.0/7.1/7.5% for 1/2/3/5 years; Oct–Dec 2026 | Ministry of Finance (DEA) OM of 30 Sep 2026; Dept of Posts SB Order 12/2026 | 2026-10-31 | End of December 2026 (quarterly) |
| Small-savings deposit limits | PPF ₹500–₹1.5 lakh a year; MIS ₹9 lakh single / ₹15 lakh joint; SCSS up to ₹30 lakh | Union Budget 2023 scheme amendments | 2026-10-31 (secondary sources) | When notified |
| EPF interest rate | 8.25% for FY 2025-26 (FY 2026-27 not yet declared) | EPFO Central Board decision, Mar 2026; Finance Ministry concurrence, Jun 2026 | 2026-10-31 | Feb–Jun 2027 |
| EPF/EPS wage ceiling | ₹25,000 a month from 17 Sep 2026 (₹15,000 before); EPS share 8.33%, max ₹2,083 a month | S.O. 5109(E) of 17 Sep 2026; EPFO FAQ of 7 Oct 2026 | 2026-10-31 | EPFO circulars on pension for pre-change service |
| NPS exit annuity | Minimum 20% annuity (non-government) or 40% (government) when the corpus exceeds ₹12 lakh | PFRDA (Exits and Withdrawals under NPS) (Amendment) Regulations, Dec 2025 | 2026-10-31 | PFRDA circulars |
| Capital gains on listed equity | STCG 20%; LTCG 12.5% above ₹1.25 lakh a year; 4% cess (transfers from 23 Jul 2024) | Finance (No. 2) Act 2024; unchanged in Budget 2026 | 2026-10-31 (secondary sources) | Union Budget, Feb 2027 |
| TDS rates and thresholds | Contractors 1% (individual/HUF) or 2%, above ₹30,000 a payment or ₹1 lakh a year; professional fees 10% (technical 2%); commission 2%; rent 10% / 2%; purchase of goods 0.1% | Income-tax Act 2025, s.393(1) Table (from 1 Apr 2026); contractors: Sl. 6(i), read in the Act text | 2026-11-04 (contractors); 2026-10-31 (others, secondary sources) | Union Budget, Feb 2027 |
| Professional tax | Slabs for Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu (Chennai), West Bengal (from 1 Oct 2026) and Madhya Pradesh; none in Delhi, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh | State Acts, schedules and notifications (MH rate schedule 2023, KA Acts 14/2023 and 33/2025, GJ GHN-35-PFT-2022, TG/AP First Schedule, GCC rates from Oct 2024, WB 1607-F.T. of 2026, MP Act 16 of 1995) | 2026-11-04 | State budgets, Feb–Mar 2027 |
| ESI contributions | Employee 0.75%, employer 3.25%; wages up to ₹21,000 a month (₹25,000 for persons with disability); rounded up to the next rupee | ESIC; Code on Social Security 2020 | 2026-10-31 (secondary sources) | ESIC wage-ceiling revision (pending) |
| Statutory bonus | Salary up to ₹21,000 a month; calculated on ₹7,000 or the minimum wage if higher; 8.33%–20% | Code on Wages 2019 s.26; S.O. 4710(E) and 4711(E) of 25 Aug 2026 | 2026-10-31 | Code on Wages notifications |
| Overtime | Twice the ordinary rate of wages | OSH Code 2020 (Factories Act 1948 repealed 21 Nov 2025) | 2026-10-31 | State rules |
| E-commerce GST TCS and TDS | GST TCS 0.5%; income-tax TDS 0.1%; GST on marketplace fees 18% | CBIC Notification 15/2024-Central Tax; Income-tax Act 2025 s.393(1) | 2026-10-31 | GST Council meetings |
| Loan prepayment charges | None on floating-rate loans to individuals for non-business purposes | RBI (Pre-payment Charges on Loans) Directions 2025, for loans from 1 Jan 2026 | 2026-10-31 | RBI directions |